The importance of scale in Occupy movement protests: a case study of a local Occupy protest as a tool of communication through Public Relations and Social Media/La importancia de la magnitud de las protestas del movimiento Occupy: el caso de una protesta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5783/revrrpp.v2i4(jul-dic).105Keywords:
Occupy, Bournemouth, social media, public relations, social networking, dissent PR, strategic communicationAbstract
Abstract
This paper explores the persuasive communications (public relations and branding through social media) of a micro Occupy event, namely a nine-day appearance of the global protest movement at Bournemouth University (BU), on the south coast of the UK. It reflects on how student and town protesters used digital and social media in comparison to the wider and more successful UK movement. It interviews the student leader, and asks questions about the role social networks like Occupii.org played in formulating communication strategies as well as how they integrated with more popular social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter. The conclusions coming from our micro case study suggest that without a supportive geographic and civic location; clear and focused messages, and robust strategic communication planning and execution, Occupy events will remain very small.
Resumen
Este artículo explora las comunicaciones persuasivas (relaciones públicas y branding a través de los medios de comunicación social) de un minúsculo evento de Ocupación, la Ocupación de nueve días del campus de la Universidad de Bournemouth (BU), en la costa sur del Reino Unido. El articulo refleja cómo los ciudadanos y estudiantes manifestantes utilizan los medios digitales y sociales y los compara con el movimiento más amplio y exitoso de Ocupación en el Reino Unido. En este artículo se incluye la entrevista al líder estudiantil del movimiento, con preguntas sobre cómo el papel que redes sociales como Occupii.org han jugado en la formulación de estrategias de comunicación de ese grupo, y como el grupo integra sus comunicaciones con las plataformas sociales más populares como Facebook y Twitter. Las conclusiones de nuestro estudio sugieren que sin una ubicación geográfica favorable y cívica, sin mensajes claros y concretos, y sin una sólida y planificada estrategia de comunicación, las Ocupaciones se quedarán muy pequeñas.
Downloads
References
Adi, A. and Miah, A. (2011) Open Source Protest: Human Rights, Online Activism and the Beijing 2008 Olmypic Games. In: Cottle, S. and Lester, L. (Eds.) Transnational Protests and the Media, New York: Peter Lang, pp. 213-224.
Berger, B. and Reber, B. (2005) Gaining Influence in Public Relations: The Role of Resistance in Practice, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Conant, J. (2010) A poetics of resistance: the revolutionary public relations of the Zapatista insurgency, Oakland: Edinburgh.
Coombs. W. T. and Holladay, S. J. (2011) Privileging an activist vs. a corporate view of public relations history in the U.S. In: Public Relations Review, doi: 10. 1016/j.pubrev.2011.11.010
------- (2012) Fringe Public Relations: how activism moves critical PR towards the mainstream. In: Public Relations Review, March.
Cottle, S. and Lester, L. (2011, eds.) Transnational Protests and the Media, New York: Peter Lang.
de Jong, W., Shaw M., and Stammers, N. (eds), Global Activism, Global Media. London: Pluto Press.
Demetrious, K. (2011) ‘Bubble Wrap: Social Media, public relations, culture and society’ in Edwards, L. and Hodges, C. (eds.) Public Relations, Society and Culture, Abindon: Routledge.
Doob, L. (1935) Propaganda: Its Psychology and Technique, New York: Henry Holt.
Dozier, D., and Lauzen, M. (2000) Liberating the intellectual domain from the practice: Public relations activism, and the role of the scholar. In: Journal of Public Relations Research, 12, 3–22.
Ghanavizi, N. (2011) Political Protest and the Persian Blogosphere. In: Cottle, S. and Lester, L. (Eds.) Transnational Protests and the Media, New York: Peter Lang, pp. 255-267.
Grime, I. (2011) Corporate Identity and Corporate Image. In: Moss, D. & DeSanto, B. (eds). Public Relations: A Managerial Perspective. Sage.
Holtzhausen, D. R. (2007) Activism In: E. L. Toth (ed.), The future of excellence in public relations and communication management (pp. 357–379). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Jordan, G, and Maloney, W. (1997) The Protest Business? Mobilizing Campaign Groups, Manchester: MUP.
Karlberg, M. (1996). Remembering the publics in public relations research: From theoretical to operational symmetry. Journal of Public Relations Research, 8, 263-278.
Moloney, K. (2012) What is ‘dissent PR’ and its related term ‘protest PR’? Are they terms that usefully describe some public relations work? Media School seminar on Protest PR, Bournemouth University, 19.6.12.
--------(2000) Rethinking Public Relations; the spin and the substance, Abingdon: Routledge.
--------(2006, 2nd ed) Rethinking Public Relations; PR propaganda and Democracy, Abingdon: Routledge.
Smith, M.E., and Ferguson, D. P. (2001). Activism. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Handbook of Public Relations (pp.291–300). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Reber, B. H. and Kim, J. K. (2006). How activist groups use websites in media relations: Evaluating online press rooms. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18, 313–334.
Taylor, M., Kent, M.L and White, W. J. (2001). How activist organizations are using the Internet to build relationships. Public Relations Review, 27, 263–284.
White, J. & Mazur, L. (1995) Strategic Communications Management: Making Public Relations Work. Wokingham, England.
Whiteley, P. and Wingard, S. (1987) Pressure For The Poor: The Poverty Lobby and Policy Making. London: Methuen.
Wakefield, R., Burnett, K., and Akinaka, C., Brigham Young University, presented aat the 14th International Public Relations Research Conference, Miami, Florida, March 11, 2011.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors publishing in this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors may separately enter into additional arrangements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (e.g., placing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with an acknowledgement of initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their own website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and higher citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).