Applying the Situational Theory of Publics to the first external voting process for Costa Ricans abroad: Lessons for international public relations and public diplomacy / Aplicación de la Teoría Situacional de los Públicos al primer proceso de voto en el

Authors

  • Vanessa Bravo Elon University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5783/revrrpp.v5i10.327

Keywords:

International public relations, public diplomacy, external voting, voting intention, Situational Theory of Publics, diaspora, immigration

Abstract

Using information gathered from 40 interviews with Costa Ricans who live abroad (some who decided to vote in the newly granted external voting right and others who did not vote in the Costa Rican National Elections of 2014), the variables that impacted the voting intention and/or behavior of these Costa Rican diaspora members were categorized using the independent variables presented by the Situational Theory of Publics: problem recognition, constraint recognition (internal and external constraints), and level of involvement. This theory was used to better understand what is moving these potential external voters to vote or not, in order to suggest what kinds of efforts should the Costa Rican government undertake to increase the number of external voters. The implications for public diplomacy and international public relations are explored

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Vanessa Bravo, Elon University

Vanessa Bravo/ Elon University

Assistant Professor

B.A., Universidad de Costa Rica; M.A., University of Florida; Ph.D., University of Florida. Fulbright Scholar at the University of Florida in 2001-2003. Fourteen years as a journalist and editor at newspaper La Nacion in Costa Rica in positions such as online editor and features editor. Strategic communications director at Paniamor Foundation from 1997-1998. Published in Public Relations Review, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, International Journal of Communication (IJOC), Global Media Journal (American Edition), Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, and Palabra Clave (Universidad de La Sabana, Colombia). Presented research papers at AEJMC, ICA, IPRRC, and SSCA, among others. Taught at the University of Florida from 2008-2011 and at the Universidad de Costa Rica in 2005.  Received the Susan Roschwalb Grant for research in international public relations from AEJMC in 2011 and the 2010-2011 Latin American Studies Doctoral Teaching Award from the Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida. Assistant Professor at Elon University, in North Carolina, since Fall 2011.

References

Aldoory, L., & Sha, B. L. (2007). The situational theory of publics: Practical applications, methodological challenges, and theoretical horizons. The future of excellence in public relations and communication management, 339-355.

Bravo, V. (2011). Conceptualization of diaspora relations from the government viewpoint: An exploratory qualitative study of diaspora relations in the cases of Costa Rica and El Salvador (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida).

Bravo, V. (2013). Communicating external voting rights to diaspora communities: Challenges and opportunities in the cases of El Salvador and Costa Rica. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, 3(5), pp. 5-26.

Bravo, V. (2014a). El Salvador and Costa Rica’s state-diaspora relations management. International Journal of Communication, 8 (22). Available at http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1822.

Bravo, V. (2014b). The importance of diaspora communities as key publics for national governments around the world. In G.J. Golan, S.U. Yang, & D. Kinsey (Eds), International Public Relations and Public Diplomacy: Communication and Engagement. New York: Peter Lang.

El Mercurio (2014, April 22). Senado aprobó el proyecto de voto chileno en el extranjero [Senate approves Chilean external voting right project]. Retrieved April 5, 2015, from

http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/2014/04/22/656571/senado-aprueba-el-voto-chileno-en-el-extranjero.html

Fitzpatrick, K. R. (2007). Advancing the new public diplomacy: A public relations perspective. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 2(3), 187-211.

Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine.

Golan, G.J., Yang, S.U. & Kinsey, D. (2015), International public relations and public diplomacy: Communication and engagement. New York: Peter Lang.

Grunig J. E., & Hunt, T. (1984). Managing Public Relations. Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth.

Lafleur, J. M. 2013. Transnational politics and the state. The external voting rights of diasporas. New York: Routledge.

Lijphart, A. (2012). Patterns of democracy: Government forms and performance in thirty

six countries. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Pew Research Hispanic Center (2013a). Two-thirds of the Hispanic population is of Mexican origin. Retrieved February 2, 2015, from

http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/02/15/hispanic-population- trends/ph_13-01 23_ss_hispanics5/

Pew Research Hispanic Center (2013b). Statistical portrait of Hispanics in the United States, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2015, from

http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/02/15/statistical-portrait-of-hispanics-in-the-united-states-2011/#6

Ruiz Ramón, G. (2014, February 13). TSE escrutará este viernes votos emitidos en el

extranjero [TSE will count this friday ballots casted abroad]. La Nación. Retrieved

February 21, 2015, from

http://www.nacion.com/nacional/elecciones2014/elecciones_2014-segunda_ronda-voto_en_el_exterior-luis_guillermo_solis-johnny_araya_0_1396460553.html

Sriramesh, K., Zerfass, A., & Kim, J. N. (Eds.). (2013). Public relations and communication management: current trends and emerging topics. Routledge.

Strömbäck, J., & Kiousis, S. (2013). Political Public Relations: Old Practice, New Theory-Building. Public Relations Journal, 7(4), 1-17.

Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (2014). Elecciones Nacionales Febrero 2014. Costa Rica. Mapa Electoral. Retrieved February 2, 2015, from

http://svr.tse.go.cr/aplicacionvisualizador/datos-definitivos.aspx

Tribunal Supremo Electoral (2014). Escrutinio Final 2014. El Salvador. Primera Elección Presidencial 2012-2 de Febrero. Retrieved February 2, 2015, from

http://www.tse.gob.sv/2014/escrutiniofinal_1ray2davuelta/pres1/dep15.html

Strömbäck, J., Mitrook, M. A., & Kiousis, S. (2010). Bridging two schools of thought: Applications of public relations theory to political marketing. Journal of Political Marketing, 9(1-2), 73-92.

White, C. (2009). The history of El Salvador. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Published

2015-12-13

How to Cite

Bravo, V. (2015). Applying the Situational Theory of Publics to the first external voting process for Costa Ricans abroad: Lessons for international public relations and public diplomacy / Aplicación de la Teoría Situacional de los Públicos al primer proceso de voto en el. International Journal of Public Relations, 5(10), 124–140. https://doi.org/10.5783/revrrpp.v5i10.327